Haydon, Philip G.

Philip G. Haydon (Born April 11 1958) holds the position of the Annetta and Gustav Grisard Professor and Chair of Neuroscience at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
He was born in Swindon, England where we obtained his initial education. At the age of 18 years he attended The University of Leeds where he obtained his B.Sc.(Hons) in Physiology (1976-1979). He then studied neural circuits during his research thesis years and was awarded the Ph.D. from The University of Leeds (1982). At this time he moved to the United States of America for postdoctoral research which he performed at the University of Iowa (1982-1986) where he discovered that chemical neurotransmitters regulate neurite growth and synapse formation. In 1986 he obtained his first faculty position at Iowa State University where he stayed until 2001. During this time he developed experimentally accessible models of isolated synaptic terminals that permitted his resolution studies of the mechanism of synaptic transmission. In these studies his work helped resolve a controversy concerning the role relative roles of Ca2+ and voltage in triggering the release of neurotransmitter, and was the first to identify the secretory vesicles as a site to modulate neurotransmitter release.

Haydon PG, McCobb DP and Kater SB. (1984) Serotonin selectively inhibits growth cone motility and synaptogenesis of specific identified neurons. Science 226: 561-564.

Zucker RS and Haydon PG. (1988). Membrane potential has no direct role in evoking neurotransmitter release. Nature 335: 360-363.

Man-Son-Hing HJ, Zoran MJ, Lukowiak K and Haydon PG. (1989) A neuromodulator of synaptic transmission acts on secretory apparatus as well as ion channels. Nature 341: 237-239.

In 1994 he published his most cited work which was the first demonstration that non-neuronal cells of the brain release chemical transmitters and signal to neighboring neurons. He discovered that astrocytes release the chemical transmitter glutamate. This work sparked a new wave of research in the neurosciences and has led to the concept of synapses consisting of three elements, the pre- and postsynaptic neuron as well as a process from the astrocyte. This concept of the tripartite synapse has received significant recognition.

Since that time his work has continued to investigate the role of astrocytes in brain function and has been able to demonstrate that the control of sleep critically relies on astrocytes. Since numerous brain disorders are associated with sleep abnormalities his work has helped promote the concept that astrocytes contribute to brain dysfunction and that this cell type might offer new targets for the development of therapeutics.

In 2001 he moved to the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine where he became Vice Chair of Neuroscience and was the Director of two Centers. In 2008 he moved to Tufts University for his current position of Chair of Neuroscience. He has been founding partner in three companies, Prairie Technologies, Inc., Grantwrite, LLC., and GliaCure, Inc.

He has been awarded the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation scholarship, a McKnight Investigator Award, The Jacob Javits Award and is the Annetta and Gustav Grisard Professor of Neuroscience.

Parpura V, Basarsky TB, Liu F, Jeftinija S, Jeftinjia S and Haydon PG. (1994) Glutamate-mediated astrocyte-neuron signaling. Nature 369: 744-747.

Parpura V and Haydon PG.(2000) Physiological astrocytic calcium levels stimulate glutamate release to modulate adjacent neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 8629-8634.

Zhang Q, Pangršič T, Kreft M, Kržan M, Li N, Sul JY, Halassa M, van Bockstaele E, Zorec R and Haydon PG (2004). Fusion-related release of glutamate from astrocytes. J Biol.Chem. 279 (13):12724-12733.

Zhang, Q., Fukuda, M., Van Bockstaele, E., Pascual, O. and Haydon, PG. (2004) Synaptotagmin IV regulates glial glutamate release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101(25): 9441-6.

Fellin, T., Pascual, O., Gobbo, S., Pozzan, T., Haydon, PG and Carmignoto, G. (2004). Neuronal synchrony mediated by astrocytic glutamate through activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Neuron 43: 729-743.

Pascual, O., Casper, K., Kubera, C., Zhang, J., Revilla-Sanchez, J., Sul, J.Y., Takano, H., Moss, S., McCarthy, F. and Haydon, PG. Astrocytic Purinergic Signaling Coordinates Synaptic Networks. Science 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):113-6.

Halassa MM, Florian C, Fellin T, Munoz JR, Lee SY, Abel, ET, Haydon PG and Frank MG. Astrocytic modulation of sleep homeostasis and cognitive consequences of sleep loss. Neuron 2009 Jan 61;2:213-19. PMCID# PMC2673052

(October 2011)

Philip G. Haydon (rojen 11. 4. 1985) je trenutno profesor “Annetta and Gustav Grisard” in predstojnik oddelka za nevroznanosti na Univerzi Tufts, Medicinski šoli v Bostonu, ZDA.
Rojen je bil v kraju Swindon v Veliki Britaniji, kjer je začel z zgodnjim šolanjem. Pri osemnajstih letih se je vpisal na Univerzo Leeds, kjer je diplomiral in prejel naziv B.Sc.(Hons) iz fiziologije (1976–1979). Potem je študiral živčne mreže in pridobil doktorat z nazivom (Ph.D.) na Univerzi Leeds (1982). V tem letu se je preselil v ZDA zaradi podoktorskega dela na Univerzi Iowa (1982–1986). V tem času je odkril, da kemični nevrotransmiterji uravnavajo rast nevritov in vplivajo na nastanek sinaps. V letu 1986 se je zaposlil prvič na mesto univerzitetnega učitelja na ustanovi Iowa State University, kjer je ostal do leta 2001. V tem času je razvil eksperimentalno dostopne modele osamljenih sinaptičnih končičev. V teh študijah so rezultati pomagali rešiti dilemo o relativnih prispevkih Ca2+ in napetosti pri proženju sproščanja nevrotransmiterjev; bil je prvi, ki je pokazal, da so sekretorni mešički tudi mesto za modulacijo sproščanja nevrotransmiterjev.

Haydon PG, McCobb DP and Kater SB. (1984) Serotonin selectively inhibits growth cone motility and synaptogenesis of specific identified neurons. Science 226: 561-564.

Zucker RS and Haydon PG. (1988). Membrane potential has no direct role in evoking neurotransmitter release. Nature 335: 360-363.

Man-Son-Hing HJ, Zoran MJ, Lukowiak K and Haydon PG. (1989) A neuromodulator of synaptic transmission acts on secretory apparatus as well as ion channels. Nature 341: 237-239.

L. 1994 je objavil svoje najbolj citirano delo, kjer je bilo prvič pokazano, da tudi celice, ki niso nevroni, sproščajo kemične prenašalce in signalizirajo sosednjim nevronom. Odkril je, da astrociti izločajo kemični prenašalec glutamat. To delo je sprožilo nov val raziskav na področju nevroznanosti in je vodilo v oblikovanje načela, da sinapso sestavljajo trije elementi, presinaptični, postsinaptični del in izrastek astrocita. Ta novi pogled tripartitne synapse je bil široko sprejet.

V naslednjem obdobju je nadaljeval z raziskavami vloge astrocitov v delovanju možganov in je pokazal, da te celice nadzorujejo procese spanja. Ker so številna obolenja, povezana z možgani in z motnjami spanja, je njegovo delo pomagalo promovirati načelo, da astrociti prispevajo tudi k patološkim procesom v možganovini in da so astrociti lahko potencialno nove terapevtske tarče.

L. 2001 se je preselil na nov oddelek za nevroznanosti na ustanovi University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, kjer je postal namestnik predstojnika za nevroznanosti in direktor dveh centrov. L. 2008 se je preselil na Univerzo Tufts, kjer je predstojnik oddelka za nevroznanosti. Bil je soustanovitelj v treh podjetjih, Prairie Technologies, Inc., Grantwrite, LLC., and GliaCure, Inc.

Prejel je več nagrad, med drugimi tudi štipendijo Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, nagradi McKnight Investigator Award, The Jacob Javits Award in profesorsko mesto Annetta and Gustav Grisard Professor of Neuroscience.

Parpura V, Basarsky TB, Liu F, Jeftinija S, Jeftinjia S and Haydon PG. (1994) Glutamate-mediated astrocyte-neuron signaling. Nature 369: 744-747.

Parpura V and Haydon PG.(2000) Physiological astrocytic calcium levels stimulate glutamate release to modulate adjacent neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 8629-8634.

Zhang Q, Pangršič T, Kreft M, Kržan M, Li N, Sul JY, Halassa M, van Bockstaele E, Zorec R and Haydon PG (2004). Fusion-related release of glutamate from astrocytes. J Biol.Chem. 279 (13):12724-12733.

Zhang, Q., Fukuda, M., Van Bockstaele, E., Pascual, O. and Haydon, PG. (2004) Synaptotagmin IV regulates glial glutamate release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101(25): 9441-6.

Fellin, T., Pascual, O., Gobbo, S., Pozzan, T., Haydon, PG and Carmignoto, G. (2004). Neuronal synchrony mediated by astrocytic glutamate through activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Neuron 43: 729-743.

Pascual, O., Casper, K., Kubera, C., Zhang, J., Revilla-Sanchez, J., Sul, J.Y., Takano, H., Moss, S., McCarthy, F. and Haydon, PG. Astrocytic Purinergic Signaling Coordinates Synaptic Networks. Science 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):113-6.

Halassa MM, Florian C, Fellin T, Munoz JR, Lee SY, Abel, ET, Haydon PG and Frank MG. Astrocytic modulation of sleep homeostasis and cognitive consequences of sleep loss. Neuron 2009 Jan 61;2:213-19. PMCID# PMC2673052

(oktober 2011)